知病 · 知不知尚矣

Zhī Bìng

Classical Chinese Text

知不知,尚矣;不知知,病也。圣人不病,以其病病。夫唯病病,是以不病。

Translation & Meaning

清醒地知道自己还有所不知,这是最高明的认知;明明不知却自以为全知、强不知以为知,这便是认知上的大毛病。 正因为能够把这种妄自尊大的认知偏盲当作病患来警惕,所以才不会犯这种毛病。 圣人之所以没有妄知偏执之病,正是因为他深切警惕并痛戒这一毛病;唯其时刻警醒自省,所以终身清明无病。

Commentary

青禾散人评注:与苏格拉底“自知其无知”遥相呼应。人类最大的盲点从不是无知,而是“不知知”的傲慢幻觉;保持敬畏谦虚,心智方常保清健。

Linguistic & Character Analysis

  • 知 (zhī): know / distinguish / recognize
  • 不 (bù): not / un- / without
  • 尚 (shàng): classical character (shàng)
  • 矣 (yǐ): [modal particle of realization]
  • 病 (bìng): classical character (bìng)
  • 也 (yě): [modal particle of assertion]
  • 圣 (shèng): sage / enlightened one
  • 人 (rén): person / human
  • 以 (yǐ): in order to / by means of
  • 其 (qí): its / their / his / her
  • 夫 (fū): for / indeed / now
  • 唯 (wéi): only / precisely because
  • 是 (shì): this / therefore